The research report of China's urban residents quality of life

From the point of national development strategy, the report clearly put forward the party's 18 "struggle to build a well-off society in an all-round way" of working platform, from "construction" to "completed", the change of the word, is a qualitative leap;Change "gold content" of the word is very high, for China's social development provides a visual and touch, feel the phased target, make the comprehensive benefit of the population, a higher level of well-off society prospects for more clearly in front of the national people's, will greatly stimulate the enthusiasm of the national people's struggle.From the point of social development process, China's economic and social reform into the intricacies of the critical period, especially with China's economic development, many scholars have pointed out that China is facing the problem of "middle-income trap".[1] from a macro point of view, the "middle-income trap" refers to a country after middle income level, economic growth is slowing, failed to continue to narrow the income gap with developed countries, the reason is that in industrial and technical structure cannot be faster than the developed countries constantly upgrade.[2] and cultivating middle class grow a microeconomic base of economic development and social stability.Before the former world bank east Asia bureau chief economist, Mr M callas, entrusted by the Chinese government in the participation research China's medium and long-term development and transformation projects, the transformation of China in order to realize the high income, must speed up the growth of the middle class.Urban residents, especially the middle class life, however, the major changes in demand structure, the spiritual needs, to society, to give more attention to the environment, is the inevitable trend of the development of human social development.Social development strategy research institute Chinese academy of social sciences in May 2013, conducted a questionnaire survey "social attitude and social development of China".Based on the survey data, formed about 2013 urban residents quality of life study.In 2012 China's urban residents' quality of life research foundation, the purpose of this report is to follow the current situation of the urban residents' quality of life of 2012 year China, characteristics, structure and influencing factors.This report in the hierarchy of needs theory, based on social stratification theory, social conflict theory, tries to establish the quality of life of analytical framework, the livelihood of the people to the nation from city to city construction and development provides new ideas and provide the basis for social policy analysis and formulation.The survey has gained rich data for analysis of quality of life and its influencing factors to provide comprehensive data support, especially about material life (income, housing, health, etc.), social and emotional life, society, environment and other important subjective information in the field of life, and with the subjective feeling as a measure of people's living level in terms of comprehensive indicators.Specifically, overall satisfaction report to people's life, people's confidence in the future life as measurement index, to "material needs", "social needs", "self into demand" and "social environment needs" four categories of indicators to measure the quality of people's lives.The policy meaning [3] this report is that it provides overall analysis framework about the quality of life, promoting the construction of the livelihood of the people on the basis of deep analysis on how to put forward some policy Suggestions.
A, concepts, and the index systemThe quality of life is mainly refers to people on their current living conditions and social environment of a kind of subjective feeling, is the needs of people on their life satisfaction of subjective feeling.Although maslow's needs hierarchy theory was proposed, namely the main principle is the basic need of human life according to the advantage or strength in class, but the level of these exist and there is a certain degree of order and the difference.Any need to satisfy the most fundamental is the need to be calm, a more advanced needs.According to maslow's demand theory [1], this report is mainly to investigate people's material life, social and emotional life, achievements and social quality of four areas of subjective feeling.With the differentiation of social groups, people's demands increasingly diversified demand structure and life.(a) analytical frameworkQuality of life index includes people desires or needs satisfied the interests of the objective conditions that produce happiness, or the objective things, also contains the psychology of people desires or needs are met, namely the subjective feeling of happiness and satisfaction.In 1972, Eric walter radmanovic will people "basic needs" is divided into three levels namely material needs, social needs and self-actualization needs.Demand [2], "material" refers to the physical and emotional satisfaction;"Social emotion demand" refers to contact the society and the needs of the support, the main subjective indicators is happiness;The achievements of "self demand" refers to give full play to their potential to create demand.Social quality research from the earliest European social policy studies on the analysis of the European countries people life quality, but social scientists has always attached great importance to emphasize the macro social system arrangement and structure influence on people's behavior constraints and its consequences, think people's specific life deeply rooted in the social environment of survival.As an open, inclusive and harmonious and fair social system and social system arrangement can maximize the care for the interests of most people, the practice of justice, fair and transparent, encouraging people to promote equal opportunities and equal participation, is conducive to the growth and development of people and a healthy life.In this sense, people need a benign social system, a healthy social environment, institutional arrangement of a harmonious society.This report introduced a concept of social quality analysis, social quality is regarded as an important content of people's living quality, and discussed the social quality impact on people's life satisfaction and confidence degree.This report from two Angle analysis the subjective feeling of people, one is the current situation of the people's life satisfaction index, one is the people's confidence in the future life index, and from the material life, social and emotional life, self-realization and social quality examined four areas.
1, the material lifeMaterial life is mainly refers to the most primitive, the most basic physiological needs, such as air, water, food, clothing, housing, medical treatment and so on.If not satisfied, have life risk.That is to say, it is the most strongly at the bottom of the inevitable need, is also a powerful motivation to push people to action, if not satisfied, for the society will greatly threaten social stability and social development.This report in the following five aspects of subjective feeling as a measure of material life quality indicators: personal income, the condition of family economy, housing, health, and social status.2, social emotionsSocial emotion demand refers to the individual ownership and the need of love, is refers to the personal desire for family, community, friends, colleagues, caring understanding, is about friendship, trust, warmth, love needs.We mainly in the following three aspects as social emotions need to meet the status indicators: family relationship, interpersonal relationship and social support.  3, your achievementsFrom the individual level, the need of self-actualization is the highest level of needs (maslow, 1943);From the point of social hierarchy, self-actualization is social innovation and development power foundation, the individual in the process of self-realization to achieve social innovation and promoting social progress.Self achievement at the individual level to satisfy this need is required to complete the job commensurate with his abilities, make the best play to their potential ability, become the desired character.This is a creation of need.Self-actualization means fully, actively, selflessly, concentrating with rapt attention need to experience life achievement refers to strive for success, the pursuit of superiority, hope to do the best.We mainly in the following four aspects related to self-realization to measure the meet state of self-actualization needs: work value identity, job satisfaction, job prospects, personal future prospects.4, social qualityInstitute of the quality of the main focus of the society is not in the daily life of people (individual) and the living conditions of education, health, environment and so on, the more lies in the coordination of social structure, system coordination and integration of different social groups, social justice and social harmony conditions, social economic security provided by the society for each individual moral life and cultural life, social conditions, and the condition of social participation and social democracy.It advocated by enhancing social solidarity and social cohesion force to promote the harmonious development of society, promote social quality.Social quality is good or bad quality of its social environment condition of feeling and evaluation.Take a look at the theory to construct the social quality of four dimensions analysis framework: 1) social facilities (or social economic security);(2) social empowerment of social empowerment);3) social inclusion;4) social cohesion (social cohesion).According to the social quality theory, we construct index system about social quality 。
(2) index and measurementQuality of life refers to the good and bad of people's living conditions, the level of living conditions, is refers to the degree of the satisfaction of needs of people's lives, especially in people's life demand meet the degree of subjective feeling.Specifically, we chose the present situation of people's life satisfaction and the degree of confidence in the future life of two indicators.Life satisfaction and confidence in the future life of the 5 likert scale method is used for measurement. satisfaction index: the level of personal income level, housing, health, work conditions, life stress, family economic status, family relations, interpersonal relationship, social status, the development opportunities and social environment level 10 aspects such as comprehensive evaluation.Are classified as "very dissatisfied", "not satisfied", "general", "more satisfied", "very satisfied" five levels, by adding each item score, get satisfaction index score.(2) confidence index: the income of the individual level, housing, health, work conditions, life stress, family economic status, family relations, interpersonal relationship, social status, the change of development opportunities and comprehensive evaluation on social environment level change, by adding each item scores, have confidence in the future life index score.To be sure, the scale of each item is 5 scale, accumulative scores after may be due to different item have differences, each item is assign points 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 points.We will be 5 likert scale conversion is 0, after accumulation, divided by inventory item number, so the final score was reduced.(3) operationalization and questionnaire surveyIn judgment on the basis of the above theory, we carried out this year "questionnaire for social attitude and social development of China".In this questionnaire, we designed a special topic in later production scale and the measurement of Chinese urban residents life quality level.Survey of the inference of overall is China's urban areas of the population live in the age of 16 or more, specific operation is defined as a mainland Chinese municipality directly under the central government, cities at prefectural level, living in the community in the city at county level (neighborhood) population of jurisdiction of 16 years old and above.Sampling method to take four stages (municipal districts and county-level cities, residents' committees, household, personal) complex sampling design, survey in April 2013 to may, between ultimate recycling effective questionnaire 7114 copies.
Second, the present situation of urban residents live in 2013 the objective background
    The objective of people's life background refers to those who can determine condition, including the material life, working conditions, health and social life, etc.Sociological study modestly to wealth, power, prestige, the most distinguish between basic indicators with the degree of community resources, at the same time as the main dimensions of social stratification.In this section we analyze occupational prestige in the regional income level, education level and type, household type, living type, education level, unit type, the difference of ownership, management level, the distribution of subjective social status, analysis of income level, level of education and the correlation between and among occupational prestige.
Statistical results show (see table 2.2), education level significantly influence the income level, education level, the higher the family income level is higher.Family income level significant regional differences, per capita income level behind the eastern region in the Midwest.Nature of the unit has a significant effect on the income level of respondents.The foreign capital enterprise income level significantly higher than that of state-owned and collective enterprises, and state-owned or collective enterprise income level is significantly higher than private enterprises.Unit type have a significant impact on the income level of respondents.Higher proportion of middle-income families in eastern region, the eastern region to 51.6% middle-income families, middle-income families in central area ratio is 48.8%, the western region to 35.3% middle-income families.Foreigners and locals personal monthly income and family monthly income there are significant differences, including foreigner respondents personal monthly income of respondents monthly income is significantly higher than locals.
(2) the level of educationRespondents' level of education a significant gender, nationality, differences between urban and rural areas, there is no obvious earthly type difference.We will respondents level of education is divided into "primary school and the following", "middle school", "high school or technical secondary school", "college degree and above," four grades.According to statistics, there is significant gender difference level of education, level of education is significantly higher than male than female education degree (F = 6.62; Sig =. 010).Respondents ethnic relations with level of education, education of the minority nationality's education level was significantly lower than the han nationality degree (F = 25.34; Sig =. 000).Respondents dependency of the type and level of education significantly, the relationship between the cities and counties in the participants' level of education is significantly higher than outside the cities and counties in the participants' education degree (F = 24.87; Sig =. 000).The household registration system to have significant influence on the level of education, respondents china-africa agricultural census register population than education degree significantly higher than that of the rural population of education degree (F = 124.31; Sig =. 000).(3) professional reputationOccupational prestige is a comprehensive index, is considering a variety of professional power, status, income level and other factors on the basis of various professional give certain popularity score, all classes were assigned numerical value range of 0-100, the greater the value, the higher occupational prestige.The results showed that there are significant gender, education level, occupational prestige political landscape.Occupational prestige, male occupational prestige is significantly higher than female respondents averages 47.50 points, a male occupational prestige women occupational prestige of 46.43 points.By the higher education level, the higher the occupational prestige of respondents.Respondents had a remarkable political landscape and the relationship between occupational prestige, party member's professional reputation significantly higher than that of non-party people professional reputation.The hukou system have significant influence on the difference of occupational prestige still, respondents china-africa agricultural census register population than occupational prestige was significantly higher than that of the rural population of occupational prestige.
Occupational prestige still obvious systematic differences, system of occupational prestige is significantly higher than respondents in the outside of the respondents.Respondents occupational prestige and unit type there is a significant relationship, institution of occupational prestige average below average occupational prestige of party and government organs, institutions significantly higher occupational prestige of enterprises and social organizations.Relationship between occupational prestige and unit properties of respondents, state-owned or collective enterprise occupational prestige the highest, followed by a foreign-capital enterprise occupational prestige, to the lowest in the occupational prestige of private enterprise.Power level remarkable differences within organizations, the leader's professional reputation far below middle-level cadres, the leader's professional reputation is much higher than general staff.The participants' occupational prestige and the relationship between the social status of others, the higher the occupational prestige of the respondents, the higher subjective social status.Statistical results showed that (table 2.5), occupational prestige does not exist significant differences in the locals and outsiders, this suggests that urban social inclusion constantly improve and improve.Differences between urban and rural household registration system has a significant effect on occupational prestige, non-agricultural household respondents significantly higher occupational prestige of agricultural census register respondents.
(4) curing of social structure and consistencyWe asked respondents about their economic status and social status in society, is divided into "high", "almost", "low" three levels.Statistical results show (see table 2.5), income level, education level and professional reputation has a significant relationship between objective indicators, respondents in the higher income level, the higher occupational prestige.The participants' education degree is higher, the higher occupational prestige.The positive relationship of the stronger, the more stable social structure and curing, and social mobility and social change the vitality of the more shortage.Statistical results also showed that subjective economic status and subjective has a significant positive correlation between social status, and subjective status index and the significant positive correlation between objective indicators.We believe that the social structure is not only reflected in the objective aspects of resource distribution, and got the people's subjective identity.Between the subjective and objective status has strong consistency, the more curing the social structure and social stratification.
 
Three  overall status analysis, 2013 urban residents' quality of life
    In 2013 China's urban residents life satisfaction score of 64.18 points, urban residents basic to life of the status quo.In 2013 the overall confidence level of urban residents score of 75.33 points, city residents have greater confidence in the future life.
   (1) urban residents' quality of life satisfaction evaluation
   Investigation and analysis results show that the (see figure 3.1), at present, our urban life satisfactory score (64.18 points), on the four subsystems in the quality of life scale, the social and emotional life most satisfaction (satisfaction score was 73.35 points, the higher the score that satisfaction is higher), secondly people quality more meaning for the society (satisfaction score was 64.36 points, the higher the score that satisfaction is higher), for people are not satisfied with the material life again (satisfaction score was 59.89 points, score, the higher the expressed satisfaction), the final achievement is self satisfaction (satisfaction score was 58.76 points, the higher the score expressed satisfaction is higher).
(2) of urban residents' quality of life confidence degree evaluationConfidence is reflecting the respondents improvement and development of future personal life confidence index of strength.Personal confidence index from the material life, social and emotional life, achievements and social environment of four aspects of the relevant indicators.We asked respondents in the next three years, these aspects will have what kind of change, each question contains three answer: good, poor, and there is no change, change good said sufficient confidence for the future life, said poor confidence about the future life.The answer is based on the status quo of future changes in satisfaction.Satisfaction is divided into 1 "very satisfied", 2 "satisfied", 3 "general", 4 "not satisfied" and 5 "very dissatisfied" five grades, 1, 2 are considered to be the respondents about the present situation of life satisfaction, and 4, and 5 are considered to be the respondents dissatisfied with the status quo.In the end, "satisfaction" minus "confidence", it was about the confidence degree of magnitude scale and reduced to 0.Statistical analysis results show that the (see figure 3.2), at present, our city residents living confidence index was 75.33 points, urban development and change of life is confident about the future.On the four subsystems in the quality of life scale, social and emotional life change confidence degree highest score (the score is 83.55, score, the higher the said confidence), followed by changes in material life confidence degree (scored 76.17, score, the higher the said confidence), quality change of degree of confidence for the society again (scored 71.05 points, the higher the score the higher the degree of confidence), is the lowest mark the confidence of the self accomplishment degree (scored 70.21 points, the higher the score the more confidence).
(3) the status quo of the satisfaction and confidence degree of comparative analysis in the futureOverall, 2013 satisfied about the present situation of life, urban residents living conditions more confident about the future.The status of the respondents to the macro level of social quality satisfaction higher than that of the micro level of individual living conditions, but the respondents for personal confidence level is higher than the future life will be better for the social environment to improve the degree of confidence.Respondents were satisfied with the condition of social and emotional life is most, in the improvement of social and emotional life highest confidence degree, this provides a good social basis for the social and economic change.Respondents are not satisfied with material life more, but to improve material life is confident, provides mass base for macroeconomic reforms.Respondents least meet the demand for self-realization, minimum confidence in self improvement degree, this reflects the people the change of demand structure, puts forward the new challenges and requirements for the macro system reform.1, the quality of life of social sex differencesThe quality of life satisfaction and confidence there is no significant gender differences, there is no significant ethnic differences;Party member respondents significantly higher life satisfaction and confidence degree of non-party people respondents;And the life satisfaction of the elderly group life information degree is worst;Middle-income families respondents life satisfaction is highest;The central region of respondents life satisfaction is highest.In a preliminary analysis of the natural and social characteristics of respondents show (table 3.1), gender differences on quality of life satisfaction and confidence degree were no significant differences, women on life satisfaction score was 65.31 points, the male of life satisfaction score was 65.16;Men are more confident about the future living conditions than women, men's confidence in the future life degree score of 75.48 points, women's confidence in the future life degree score of 75.21 points.Different marital status of respondents is a large difference in life satisfaction, respondents had significantly higher life satisfaction in marriage and unmarried or divorced (including spouse) respondents life satisfaction significantly lower.Respondents have a significant correlation between age and life satisfaction index, the middle-aged group (35 to 49 years old) has the highest life satisfaction, life satisfaction score was 64.52, and the life satisfaction of the elderly group life minimum confidence degree, life satisfaction score was 63.11 points, the confidence degree of score of 74.03 points.
Party member's life satisfaction is significantly higher than non-party people's life satisfaction, party member respondents life satisfaction score was 64.15 points, non-party people respondents life satisfaction score was 63.88 points, the degree of confidence in the future life, there were significant difference between party members respondents confidence degree score of 76.82 points for the future, the future of non-party people respondents confidence degree score of 74.89.Life satisfaction is lower than the minority nationality, han life satisfaction is 64.19, minority's life satisfaction is 63.86, the han people have more confidence about the future living conditions, the han people's confidence in the future life degree of 75.38 points, minority respondents degree of confidence in the future life score of 73.65 points.Not religious groups in life satisfaction (satisfaction score was 64.36 points) is significantly higher than religious communities of life satisfaction (satisfaction score was 62.55 points), it is worth noting that the unbelievers' confidence in the future life degrees (75.37) is higher than that of religious life in the future confidence degree (75.34).It seems that religious belief to a certain extent, to improve the respondents confidence level has a significant role in the future life.2 institutional differences, urban residents' quality of lifeLife satisfaction and confidence degree of significant institutional difference, system unit respondents to life satisfaction is significantly higher than other respondents.Unit type of respondents to the respondents to no significant impact on life satisfaction, but the degree of confidence in the future life has a very significant effect.The results showed that in party and government organs respondents, high levels of confidence in the future life confidence degree score of 70.72 points;Followed by institution respondents degree of confidence in the future a score of 67.51 points, enterprise unit respondents confidence degree lowest 64.01 points for the future.Institutions and the status quo of the party and government organs of the respondents to the life the most satisfied with the high degree of confidence in the future life.Respondents unit attribute to the respondents to no significant impact on life satisfaction, but unit attribute to the respondents to confidence degree has a significant impact on the future living conditions.Statistical results show that the state-owned or collective enterprise of people's confidence in the future life score was 66.78, significantly higher than other respondents, followed by a foreign-capital enterprise respondents degree of confidence for the future of 63.86 points, the worst respondents degree of confidence in the future for the private enterprise is 63.78.   The quality of life satisfaction does not exist significant differences between urban and rural areas, but the urban respondents life satisfaction and confidence degree higher than rural household respondents.Local respondents' quality of life satisfaction and confidence degree of respondents were significantly higher than other place.Distinguish between respondents dependency of the household register (outside the cities and counties, cities and counties) found that on the present situation of life satisfaction differences exist between the two groups, registered permanent residence in the satisfaction of the inhabitants of the cities and counties in scoring (64.43) is higher than the registered permanent residence outside the inhabitants of the cities and counties in (62.51), but the two did not exist significant difference;In terms of degree of confidence in the future life, the confidence rating of 64.11 of the inhabitants of the cities and counties, cities and counties outside residents confidence rating of 62.67.Agricultural census register population and non-agricultural population on the present situation of life satisfaction and the degree of confidence in the future life two aspects, there are significant differences, agricultural census register respondents life satisfaction and confidence degree (64.12, 73.7) was significantly lower than non-agricultural household registration of the participants' satisfaction and confidence degree (64.22, 76.05).
3, quality of life satisfaction, social structureIncome level, education level and professional reputation has a significant relationship between objective indicators, objective social status and subjective social status index has a significant correlation between the indicators show that the trend of social stratification and structured.The results also showed that the higher the income level, the higher the quality of life satisfaction;The higher the subjective economic status, people's life satisfaction is higher;The higher the subjective social status, people's life satisfaction is higher.These indicators show that social structure and the quality of people's life satisfaction is consistent, the more social structure cured or lack of vitality, the more it is necessary to develop the middle class as a foundation for social stability.Life confidence degree and income level, education level and occupational prestige, etc. There were no significant correlation between objective indicators, and subjective social status and subjective economic status, and there is significant positive relationship between overall satisfaction.Overall, the respondents of the higher life satisfaction, respondents have confidence in the future life.
4、 personal life situation and area difference analysisHere, refers to the micro level of individual personal living conditions the satisfaction of all kinds of life demand situation and the future expectations, including material life, social emotions and self-realization three large areas (see figure 4.1).The results showed that the individual life satisfaction averages 63.99 points, respondents were more likely to personal life satisfaction.Which people of the highest social emotional satisfaction, satisfaction score was 73.26;Followed by the people for material life satisfaction, satisfaction score was 59.57;Finally on self achievement satisfaction for people, the satisfaction score of 57.07 points.
1, the material lifeThe participants' subjective attitude is divided into "very dissatisfied", "not satisfied", "|", "satisfactory", "very satisfied" five grades.Under the magnitude scale assignment method, from the personal income, family economy, housing, health and status in society material life satisfaction from five comprehensive measure.Statistical results show (see figure 4.2), in 2013 China's urban residents living material life satisfaction score of 59.89 points.The respondents for their own health satisfaction score of 68.14 points.Sorted by not satisfied degree, people's satisfaction with the worst of the economy, the score is 53.37 points, respondents to the family economy, satisfaction, satisfaction score was 58.32 points, respondents to the housing conditions of satisfaction, the score is 58.84 points, respondents status satisfaction score was 59.20 points, respondents to the highest degree in the health of the satisfaction, satisfaction score of 68.19 points.
economic incomeThe results showed that in real personal income levels and income satisfaction there is significant correlation between (R =. 136; a Sig =. 136), the higher the income level of respondents, the higher the income satisfaction.There is no significant impact on gender on income satisfaction, the male of income satisfaction score was 54.2 points, women on income satisfaction score of 52.64 points.The participants' education level is higher, the higher satisfaction of personal income.Respondents unit type has a significant influence on respondents income satisfaction, including enterprise respondents to the satisfaction of the lowest income condition, satisfaction score was 54.89 points, followed by soho respondents, most respondents (56.90) for the enterprise.State-owned and collective enterprises respondents on personal income satisfaction is significantly higher than private or foreign companies.In different ownership of enterprises, foreign respondents personal microscopic life satisfaction score was 54.52 points, the respondents were significantly lower than that of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises life satisfaction score (59.34). Income satisfaction have significant regional differences, but people's actual income levels and people income satisfaction has a negative correlation relationship.In personal income level the highest in the east, its income satisfaction (50.77) was significantly lower than that of the western region (56.67).Personal income level of the lowest in western area, the participants' satisfaction (56.67) was significantly higher than for (53.52) and the central region in northeast China for (56.56).Outsiders income level is significantly higher than the locals and outsiders income satisfaction (54.18) is significantly higher than local income satisfaction (53.26).Urban respondents income satisfaction does not exist significant differences (F =. 164, Sig =. 164), the satisfaction score of 53.23 points and 53.23 points respectively.(2) housing situationOverall, compared with 2012, respondents on the state of the housing satisfaction declined (figure 4.3).The current imbalance residents income level and the housing price is still serious social hot and difficult problem.Respondents, 11.8% of respondents have no housing, 78.1% of respondents have 1 set of housing, 9.3% of respondents of households have more than one set of housing.Statistics shows that 28.6% of respondents are not satisfied with housing conditions, 39.7% of respondents said "general", 31.7% of respondents feel "happy" about housing conditions.
Housing conditions satisfaction significant regional differences, the eastern region of the respondents housing the highest satisfaction, the western region respondents housing satisfaction.Middle-income families respondents on housing satisfaction is significantly higher than other groups, satisfaction score of 77.91 points.As the housing market reform deepening, the unit type no significant impact on the housing condition of the respondents satisfaction (F =. 615, Sig =. 615).Urban respondents housing satisfaction and confidence degree were significantly higher than that of the rural household survey respondents (F = 27.85; Sig =. 000), local respondents housing satisfaction and confidence degree is significantly higher than other place respondents (F = 26.25, Sig =. 000).Urban non-agricultural household groups in 29.5% of respondents said the housing situation is not satisfaction, 26.6% of the agricultural population of respondents are not satisfied with housing conditions, local groups, 26.6% of respondents expressed satisfaction at the housing situation, outsiders in the group, 41.7% of respondents are not satisfied with housing situation said.Difficult to "buy" is still the people's livelihood problem urgently to be solved in China in the next few years.The results also showed that 11.1% of respondents plan to have a clear, 22.7% of respondents have vague plans, 52.8% of people do not have purchase plan, 13.4% of respondents "dare not want to" or "do not want to".In the face of soaring house prices, the young "housing difficult", national leaders on the one hand firmly on the real estate market regulation, strive to make the housing prices to return to.It to a certain extent, improve the people's confidence in housing conditions improved, the results showed that 45.7% of respondents expressed confidence, 42.4% of respondents said the general, 11.9% of respondents said there was no confidence.(3) healthSubjective health status for feeling or perception in the health status, overall, respondents were satisfied with their health more.In the material life of several categories, the participants' health satisfaction, the highest score is 68.19. Statistical results show (see figure 4.4), 36.5% of respondents expressed satisfaction, 13.5% of people satisfied with their health, 31.5% of the respondents said their health in general, only 6.1% of respondents believe that their health is not very satisfactory.
Area, respondents in the east health satisfaction is highest, the score is 77.14 points;The central region respondents health satisfaction score was 75.12;Respondents health satisfaction in the west and the score of 70.95 points.Self-reported health status of the low-income group, best satisfaction score was 70.77;Moderate income group is worst health satisfaction, satisfaction score was 68.27;High earners self-reported health status of 68.98 points.From the level of education, respondents from the higher level of education, the self-reported health status, the better.Marital status or not greatly affects health satisfaction, satisfaction of unmarried people health is highest, the score is 70.46 points, the health of the married respondents' satisfaction score was 67.89, divorced or widowed people health satisfaction score was 63.49 points,Although the income level of the foreign capital enterprise is significantly higher than other companies, but foreign respondents health satisfaction was significantly lower than that of state-owned and collective enterprises and private enterprises of the respondents (F = 27.42; Sig =. 000).Job unit type, village committees respondents health satisfaction up to 76.61 points, followed by party and government organs of respondents 73.70 points, the last respondents for the enterprise.Management layers exist significant differences in the health satisfaction, satisfaction of ordinary employees' health up to 68.46 points, followed by middle management 64.02 points, the final 62.94 points for senior management personnel.2, social emotionsUnder the magnitude scale assignment method, we from the two aspects of family relations, interpersonal relationship for integrated measure of the material life satisfaction.In 2013 China's urban residents' social and emotional life satisfaction score was 73.26, significantly higher than 65.24 overall satisfaction on the current status of the life."Family relationship" for individuals of the satisfaction degree of up to 75.71 points, followed by the "interpersonal relationship" satisfaction with 71.47 points, in general, urban residents very pleased with his family and interpersonal relations, but there are still significant sex differences.
Statistical results show that, in all age groups, 60 years old or older group of social emotion demand satisfaction, score of 70.76 points, this shows that it is necessary to strengthen the care of the elderly group, and provide more social support.The emotional needs of the agriculture census register respondents satisfaction is significantly higher than urban respondents, the satisfaction score of 75.7 points and 75.7 points respectively.Social emotions demand significant regional differences, on the one hand reflects the local social and cultural traditions of different, on the other hand, under the influence of local economic development.Statistical results show that the respondents to social emotional state in central China are the most satisfied with the satisfaction score of 77.32 points;And the most economically developed eastern areas the lowest satisfaction of social needs, the satisfaction score of 71.8 points.In the western region the participants' social emotional satisfaction score of 73.36 point.
With the accelerating urbanization process, the speed and scope of the migration is more broad.Outsiders group leave the growth period of life community and familiar with the network, and how did they integrate into the new life community to build a good social network remains to be improved.Statistical results show (see figure 4.8), no significant difference between foreigners and locals family relationship satisfaction, family relationship satisfaction average of 74.80 points and 75.52 points respectively (F = 49.13, Sig =. 000).Yet outsiders on interpersonal relationship degree of satisfaction with the locals there were no significant differences of interpersonal relationship degree of satisfaction (F = 21.76, Sig =. 000).
The results showed that in religious and non-religious social emotional needs satisfaction have significant differences (F = 16.01; Sig =. 000), not religious respondents social emotional satisfaction (satisfaction score was 73.63 points) is significantly higher than religious people (satisfaction) score of 69.81 points.In the aspect of family relationship, not religious respondents about the relationship between family satisfaction (satisfaction score was 75.79 points) is significantly higher than religious respondents about the relationship between family satisfaction (satisfaction score was 72.17).In terms of interpersonal relationships, not religious people satisfaction (satisfaction score was 71.48) was also significantly better than that of religious respondents (satisfaction score was 67.45).3, self-actualization needsUnder the magnitude scale assignment method, we use the four questions designed for job sense of worth, achievement, personal development opportunities, a sense of accomplishment and personal four aspects to synthetically measure the future."I think no future, no confidence in the future", "my salary and remuneration with my commitment and ability to adapt", "my job let me have a sense of achievement", "my job with good prospects for development".In 2013 China's urban residents self achievement satisfaction score was 58.76, significantly lower than on the current status of the life overall satisfaction (satisfaction) score of 63.46 points.Self achievement categories for individual "job prospects" satisfaction with the lowest, satisfaction score was 57.65;Followed by the "personal future" satisfaction, their satisfaction with average of 58.01 points;Again for "job satisfaction" satisfaction, satisfaction score was 59.42;Finally, respondents for "personal value identity" the most satisfaction, satisfaction score of 59.97 points.In conclusion, the present situation of the respondents to self achievement satisfaction is low, and the future state of the self accomplishment is confidence, confidence degree score of 60 points.
With the economic and social development, self achievement become very important content, individual life only will increase the value of professional to the individual the height of the consistent pursuit of life value, to maximize the inspire individuals of career identity and belonging, may make the individuals involved in the work to the greatest extent, and make it become a part of life.Government and enterprise in the process of China's social development is the core strength to promote the development of Chinese economy, the government and the people on the job satisfaction is low, but confidence in the future personal prospects.From the point of unit type, with the minimum of social groups of respondents self fulfillment, the satisfaction score was 58.17;Followed by village committees respondents, the self achievement satisfaction score was 58.53;For self-employed people again, its self achievement satisfaction was 58.62;Party and government organs respondents self achievement the highest satisfaction, satisfaction score was 63.98 points, followed by business people, satisfaction score was 61.54 points, again for respondents, achievement ego satisfaction score of 61.39 points.The value of 32.9% of the respondents think that the current work feeling low, 62.1% of respondents think that job satisfaction low, 34.5% of respondents said the future of the current work are not satisfied, but 42.2% of the respondents were satisfied with personal prospects.Enterprise of the respondents to the current job satisfaction is higher, but the lack of confidence for the future development.Perceived value is low, 58.5% of respondents think work 56.1% of the respondents think that the current job satisfaction low, the above situation shows that the present position can't meet the needs of respondents self achievement, is not conducive to people's creative play, but also not conducive to innovation and development of the society.Urban respondents self-fulfillment satisfaction is significantly higher than the rural household respondents, both satisfaction score was 60.2 and 55.32, respectively.Moderate income group is the participants' satisfaction of achievement is significantly higher than other social groups, their satisfaction score was 62.37;High income group's satisfaction with the lowest demand for self-realization, satisfaction score of 58.21 points.4, the network involved inChina Internet network information center (CNNIC) 19, according to a report released by the end of June 2012, China has reached 538 million Internet users, Internet penetration rate is 39.9%, is 867 times as much as 15 years ago.IPv6 addresses several surge, into the global ranking third.Our country is fast into the Internet age.By 2010, the proportion of the national administrative villages, more than 20 villages on the phone was 100% and 94%, respectively, to achieve the 100% of villages and towns can get to the Internet, of which 99% of villages and towns and 80% of administrative villages have broadband access basic ability.Information age, network not only become the way people work, but also people's lifestyle.Statistics show that 34.2% of respondents under the online time is 1 hours a day, 65.8% of respondents time online every day for an hour or more, 46.9% of respondents time online every day for three hours or more than three hours.Following the time online for 1 hour, 1 to 2 hours, 3 hours or more is divided into "don't get to the Internet", "once in a while to get to the Internet", "often surf the Internet" three groups.The results showed that higher satisfaction with government departments often surf the Internet community, interpersonal relationships and social trust, satisfaction is significantly higher than "sometimes on the Internet," or "never" online respondents.Three groups of government trust satisfaction score was 71.06, 73.65 and 71.06, respectively.Three groups of interpersonal trust degree of satisfaction score was 52.67, 54.86 and 52.67, respectively.Three groups of government trust satisfaction score was 56.62, 57.29 and 56.62, respectively.   According to statistics, people use the Internet mainly to obtain news and information, television, music, friends to chat.36.6% of the respondents think that the Internet is the most primary function is to obtain news and information.Network communication has become an important way to human interaction, "often surf the Internet" of respondents social emotional satisfaction is significantly higher than other groups, three groups of social emotional satisfaction score of 71.07, 73.64, 75.06, respectively.8.9% of respondents often comment on the Internet or forwarding messages, 18.6% of respondents to comment on the Internet sometimes or forwarding messages, 32.9% of respondents to comment on the Internet occasionally or forwarding messages, 39.7% of respondents never comment.
Five, the social qualityThis part we mainly discuss how to evaluate the life of society.Some research has focused on the quality and its influence on people's life, and into the study of Chinese society.This section based on national survey, the concrete from the social infrastructure, social empowerment, social inclusion and social trust four dimensions to measure the quality of Chinese society.Table 5.1 is a descriptive statistical analysis of the social quality of four dimensions.Results show that the quality of social satisfaction score of 64.36, according to the subjective feeling of urban residents from low to high order, respondents are not satisfied with the social economic security, the satisfaction score of 61.91 points, followed by social trust, satisfaction, the satisfaction score of 65.65 points;Again for social inclusion conditions of satisfaction, the satisfaction score of 66.35 points;Finally, respondents to social empowerment is most satisfied, the satisfaction score of 66.42 points,
1, social economic securitySocial facilities provide people with basic economic and life insurance.Adopting five-level likert scale calculation method, according to the respondents in economic development, employment opportunities, price level, social security, medical care, basic education, infrastructure, public security, food security, environmental quality in ten aspects of social economic guarantee satisfaction evaluation results calculated satisfaction.According to statistical results, social and economic guarantee satisfaction is 61.91, significantly lower than the overall satisfaction of social quality, his satisfaction score was 64.23 (see figure 5.2).Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, the party central committee under the state council determined taking economic construction as the center of the development course, the Chinese economy has achieved remarkable results.National fiscal expenditure on large-scale infrastructure construction, become an important engine fuel economic growth and employment.But there is significant regional differences, social infrastructure level satisfaction developed eastern region of the respondents are not satisfied with social facilities the most, the satisfaction score of 61.59 points.Secondly, the western region respondents to the social and economic security facilities are not satisfied, the score of 61.91 points.Finally, the central region the highest satisfaction, the satisfaction score was 62.75 points, respectively.Low-income people satisfied with the social economic infrastructure, the satisfaction score of 62.65 points;Secondly for middle-income people, for the social and economic infrastructure satisfaction score is 62 points;Minimum for high income groups, for the social and economic infrastructure satisfaction score of 61.42 points.The results showed that in another county city respondents on social and economic infrastructure satisfaction significantly below county city respondents (F = 6.620, Sig =. 001), the satisfaction score of 59.9 points and 59.9 points respectively.Agricultural census register respondents with non-agricultural household satisfaction with social and economic infrastructure and the satisfaction degree of the respondents had no significant difference (F =. 884, Sig =. 884), the satisfaction score of 62.13 points and 62.13 points respectively.Statistical results show that the points and unit type, party and government organs of respondents to the social and economic infrastructure satisfaction is highest, followed by respondents village neighborhood committee and its social and economic infrastructure satisfaction score was 64.51 points, for respondents, again for the social and economic infrastructure satisfaction score of 63.48 points.Social group respondents on social and economic infrastructure satisfaction score lowest, satisfaction score of 60.81 points.
The results showed that with the same situation in 2012, the most dissatisfied with the binomial social facilities, food security, price level respectively the satisfaction score of 50.88 points and 54.02 points respectively.Second, jobs are not satisfied with problem increasingly prominent, respondents on job satisfaction score of 60.94 points.Respondents situation of economic development, the infrastructure is most satisfied, the satisfaction score of 70.29 points and 70.48 points.
Price level and food safety problems not only become people are not satisfied with society to implement the most areas of life, and people lack of confidence in its improved obviously.Results showed that 29.3% of respondents think the price level will become worse, 16.4% of respondents think the food safety situation will become worse.Compared with 2012, when respondents are not satisfied with employment problem is more outstanding.According to the degree of satisfaction score a smooth arrangement from low to high, the employment problem by 2012 fifth rise to second place in 2013.In 2013, 29.3% of respondents are not satisfied with jobs said, 63.8% of respondents think the existing status will not change or variation.This means that, with the accelerating urbanization process, in promoting the social development in the process of provide abundant employment opportunities for people and good employment environment is becoming more and more important.An important function of social facilities is to provide economic and social security, countries are devoted to building a universal social security system.Since 2006, "the central committee of the communist party of China about the decision of the building a harmonious socialist society" clearly put forward for the first time, gradually establish the social security system covering both urban and rural residents, the social security network rapidly expand, the basic form of the social security system.To this end, we special health care and social security conditions in the comparison analysis (see figure 5.3).The survey results showed that satisfied with the basic condition of social security, the satisfaction score of 61.58 points.Among them, 15.2% of the respondents are not satisfied with the social security situation, 46.6% of respondents said "general" of the social security situation;35.2% of respondents are not satisfied with social security situation.
Agricultural census register and non-agricultural population of the social security of rural household respondents satisfaction significantly below the non-agricultural population of social security (F = 17.934; Sig =. 000).Outsiders on social security satisfaction significantly below the locals (F = 8.309; Sig =. 000).State-owned and collective enterprises respondents to the satisfaction of social security is significantly higher than private or foreign-invested enterprises (F = 10.418; Sig =. 000).No fixed work of respondents to the respondents to the social security of social security with a fixed satisfaction have significant differences (F = 6.392; Sig =. 000).Minority respondents on social security situation satisfaction significantly lower than that of the han respondents (F = 2.246; Sig =. 134).People's medical conditions not satisfied with, their satisfaction with average of 2.90 points.Among them, 34.3% of respondents are not satisfied with said medical conditions;32.6% of respondents expressed "general" for medical conditions;33.1% of respondents were satisfied with medical conditions.Minority on medical conditions of satisfaction was significantly lower than the han nationality (F = 108.995; Sig =. 000), the relationship between income level and health status, low-income groups on health care and social security satisfaction significantly lower than the high income group.There is significant regional differences in the aspect of medical level, 29.7% of respondents said not satisfied in eastern regions;In the central region, 36.1% of respondents said not satisfied;In the western region, 29.5% of respondents said not satisfied;53.3% of the respondents are not satisfied with medical conditions said.No regular job of respondents to the medical level of satisfaction was significantly lower than the fixed work of respondents (F = 10.843; Sig =. 000).Income levels and the relationship between medical and social security conditions satisfaction significantly, low-income groups on health care and social security satisfaction was significantly lower than the high income group.Different unit types of medical satisfaction have difference, but there is no significant difference between (F = 1.687; Sig =. 150).
2, social empowermentSocial empowerment, refers to the power of the individual and the ability to play out the extent to which the social structure, social system to the extent to improve the ability of individual action.We use the 5 likert scale for measuring the degree of social empowerment.Choose "the government is willing to listen to the opinions of the people", "to the community affairs, I will take the initiative to put forward the opinion", "I often and friends to discuss society", the condition of "social justice", "public interests can be protected" actually now.The feeling of the respondents were divided into five levels, namely very don't agree with, don't agree with, in general, compare the approval and very agree with you.According to 0, the higher the score, said respondents to the higher satisfaction with social empowerment.The results showed that in social empowerment satisfaction score was 66.43 points (out of 100 points, the higher the score, the more satisfaction).The society's fair and the satisfaction of the minimum condition, 31.5% of respondents said satisfied, but 32.5% of respondents think the situation will get better.Respondents more attention to social events, hot issues, often and friends to discuss, 43.1% of respondents agreed.43% of respondents to "for community affairs, I will take the initiative to put forward the opinion", agrees.26.7% of respondents to frowned "government listening to public opinion", 44.4% of respondents agreed."Now to protect rights and interests of the public interests and so on can get real security", 46.5% of respondents agreed, 16.5% of respondents said don't agree with you.High income groups on social empowerment satisfaction was significantly lower than medium and low income community, three satisfaction score was 66.76, 66.54 and 65.4, respectively.Nonlocal respondents on the condition of social empowerment of satisfaction was significantly lower than the local people, satisfaction score was 63.77 and 66.8, respectively.Agricultural census register respondents and non-agricultural household register of no significant difference between social empowerment of satisfaction.
3, social inclusionSocial inclusion, refers to people close to the system of a variety of daily life and the possibility of social relations, the extent to which people can gain support from the system and social relations.Social inclusion policy significance lies in the fact that it's about equal rights and individual value, how to reduce social exclusion.We asked respondents to each kind of social relations subjective conditions, can be divided into "very bad" and "bad", "general", "good", "very good" five categories.Statistical results show (see figure 5.4), and social inclusion degree average of 62.15 points (out of a possible 100 points, the larger the score said relations between the harmonious), from the perspective of the subjective feeling of respondents, the highest degree in conflict between the rich and the poor tension, 44.4% of respondents think relationship between rich and poor is not harmonious.Followed by the relationship between government officials and masses, 22.5% of respondents thought and masses relationship not harmonious;Again for community relations between urban and rural areas, 21.1% of respondents think not harmony between urban and rural.
With China's economic development, people's income a significant gap between the rich and the poor disparity problem more and more prominent, this could cause a series of social problems.Recently, the Chinese academy of social sciences published in "population and labor green book (2008) which states that China all-round expansion of urban and rural residents income gap.Over the past decade, China's urban and rural residents income gap of buy-backs increased nearly 12 times, and the income gap between industries are also obviously increased.Objective the income gap cause the tension between the rich and the poor.Statistical results show that the level of social inclusion significant regional differences (F = 26.32; Sig =. 000), the western region significantly lower satisfaction with the degree of social inclusion in eastern and central regions.The eastern part of social inclusion score was 61.91;Social inclusion in the Midwest had the lowest levels, the central region social inclusion score of 61.67 points, the western region social inclusion score of 61.67 points.Low-income groups for social inclusion satisfaction (63.09) is significantly higher than medium and high income group of respondents (61.68 points, 60.48 points).The higher subjective social status, the higher the satisfaction of social inclusion.Higher subjective social status of the respondents thought the highest level of social inclusion, the score is 64.51, and the lower subjective social status of respondents for social inclusion level evaluation for 60.69 points, the middle class status of the respondents to the level of social inclusion score of 62.86 points.The household registration system have a significant impact on social inclusion level (F = 19.26; Sig =. 000), city residents of agricultural census register respondents (61.33) for the assessment of the condition of social inclusion is lower than the non-agricultural household respondents (62.51).Dependency of the respondents type significantly affect their perception of social inclusion, outsiders for evaluation of the condition of social inclusion was significantly lower than the natives (F = 55.49; Sig =. 000).The results showed that respondents about the relationship between rich and poor satisfaction.Tension between the rich and the poor feel there are significant regional differences (F = 52.30; Sig =. 000), including the central region (52.99) and the eastern region (49.38 points) on relationship between rich and poor satisfaction significantly below the northeast (56.73) and (54.09) in the west.Locals are so harmonious relationship between the rich and the poor level of feeling better than outsiders.Social status and feel positively correlated relationship between the rich and the poor, the higher the status of the respondents, it considers the harmonious relationship between rich and poor (F = 85.986; Sig =. 000).Income levels and a negative correlation relationship between the rich and the poor, the lower the income level of respondents, think the harmonious relationship between rich and poor.Contradiction of statistical results show that the masses are more outstanding, 22.6% of respondents think that the relationship between government officials and masses "bad", 53.8% of respondents think that the relationship between government officials and masses "general", 23.7% of respondents think that the relationship between government officials and masses "good.".Tension and masses feel there are significant regional differences (F = 20.70; Sig =. 000), the eastern respondents about the relationship between masses evaluation is higher than the central and western regions.Agricultural census register respondents about the relationship between masses satisfaction significantly below non-agricultural household respondents, 27.3% of the agricultural census register respondents think tension and masses, 20.5% of respondents from non-agricultural household register that tension and masses.After categorize respondents apanage, outsiders don't think masses relationship more harmonious, 33.1% of respondents said locals and masses relationship not harmonious, 20.9% of respondents from outsiders think masses relationship not harmonious.Middle-income groups respondents about the relationship between masses satisfaction was significantly higher than that of low-income groups and high income groups.Respondents said 21.5% of the middle-income groups and masses relationship is bad, 26% of respondents from low-income groups and 26% of high income group respondents think bad relationship and masses.Subjective social status lower group think that the relationship between government officials and masses more disharmony, low social status groups, 26.8% of respondents think that the relationship between government officials and masses.Subjective group and have a low economic status and masses relationship more harmonious, low social status groups, 23.4% of respondents think that the relationship between government officials and masses.The participants' education level is higher, the lower the satisfaction of the respondents to the masses relationship.
4, social cohesionSocial Cohesion (Social Cohesion) refers to the collective identity on the basis of the unity, reveal is based on Shared values and norms on the basis of the nature of Social relations, examine the extent to which a society's Social relationship can maintain integrity and maintain basic value specification.Social cohesion refers to the social cohesion and social integration problems, minimize social differentiation or divided, and the higher the degree of people's social cohesion, the stronger the said people's social sense of belonging.Social cohesion measurement includes trust, integrating the norms and values, social networks, social identity, etc.This report from the members of the community of interpersonal trust, the trust of the government functional departments and social morality level to comprehensive measure of social cohesion.The results showed that social cohesion score of 57.42 points, that is higher than the social quality of overall satisfaction score of 66.23 points.Party member of respondents to the degree of social cohesion satisfaction is significantly higher than non-party people.The han people's satisfaction with the degree of social cohesion is significantly higher than minority respondents.Non-agricultural household respondents to society condensation degree of satisfaction is significantly higher than agricultural census register respondents.The locals respondents condensation degree of satisfaction is significantly higher than outsiders to society.Respondents in eastern respondents and northeast to society the condensation degree of satisfaction is significantly higher than in the Midwest.We also note that respondents the higher social status, the participants' the higher the degree of social cohesion, social sense of belonging.Respondents income level is higher, its the higher the degree of social cohesion, social sense of belonging.First of all, it is widely believed that the social moral values is relatively fuzzy, respondents to the social values of satisfaction score of 68.24 points.We asked respondents to non standard become very fuzzy on the "social" point of view, the attitude of the respondents were divided into 5 levels, agreed with the "1", "2", said a agree that said "say", "3" "4", said a more don't agree with, do not approve "5", the higher the score, said the higher the level of morality to the society.The results showed that 54.4% of respondents said "completely agree" or "agree", 32.4% of respondents said "say", only 13.2% of respondents said "not agree".Secondly, people of wasn't happy with the condition of interpersonal trust, scored 54.79 points.Respondents "it's hard to find a trustworthy friend of real" to measure people's social trust and social relationship, the feeling of the respondents were divided into 5 levels, fully agreed with, comparison with, generally do not approve, more don't agree with, and, the higher the score, said to the higher level of social trust.10.8% of respondents said "completely agree", "37.0% of those surveyed said" more, "25.1% of respondents said the general," 22.2% of respondents said "don't agree with," 4.9% of respondents said "don't agree with you.Finally, people for the government functional departments of the trust is higher, the average score of 3.27 points.In the making of the government credibility scale, we designed the five questions, government functional departments of the trust to observe.Trust for the government functional departments including/" public security bureau police station ", "court", "industry and commerce, taxation department", "social security department", "reception department", "urban management department", "the central government", "provincial and municipal governments, county, district government's trust, the feeling of the respondents were divided into 5 levels," 1 "said very distrust, said more mistrust," 2 "" 3", said the general, "4" said more trust, "5" said very trust, the higher the score, said to the higher functions of the government credibility.
The results showed that people's trust in the central government is significantly higher than provincial and municipal governments, and more trust to the government of the provinces and cities than to area county government's trust.Respondents' below the trust in government functional departments at all levels of government trust.In each department only, respondents to the urban management department or any part of the lowest satisfaction.
The Chinese government has an important role in all kinds of economic and social affairs, the government trust is the important foundation of social stability and the ruling.The results showed that is about the function of the government credibility is significantly higher than the interpersonal trust and social ethics, but there were significant sex differences.The party members' is significantly higher than non-party people trust in a government agency.Han respondents to the government credibility is significantly higher than minority respondents.Non-agricultural household respondents to the government credibility is significantly higher than agricultural census register respondents.The northeast people's trust in the government is significantly higher than other regions.Middle-income people trust the salience for government agencies is higher than low-income groups and high income groups.Participation has become an important way people get information network, respondents network participation and government agencies to be inversely associated with the degree of evaluation and trust relationship.
6, the main conclusion and thinkingReform and opening up 30 years, China's rapid economic development, social material wealth abundance.In recent years the Chinese government is actively promote, with emphasis on the social welfare and improve people's livelihood, social construction, social security and medical service level continuously improve, people's living standards continue to improve, the quality of social progress.At the same time, people's life demand structure is undergoing transformation.According to maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, when a hierarchy of needs can be met, the higher level of need to become more prominent.We found that, along with the economic level, social groups gradually differentiation, different needs of different social groups differentiation is obvious.In short, people's life demands more and more diversified, from penetrated into society field in the field of economy, politics, emphasizes the personal values of self-realization, focus on social participation and social fairness and justice, and so on.People's life demand is more and more diversity, richness and individuality, it puts forward new challenges to the macro system reform.On the one hand, we will deepen reform of the economic system enhance the level of marketization;Explore new type of social governance mechanism, on the other hand, in an inclusive, participation and creativity of the open society.This report from the present situation of life satisfaction and confidence in the future life of two indicators to evaluate analysis of quality of life of urban residents.Life satisfaction refers to people's life situation including personal living conditions and two levels of satisfaction with the social environment, living faith degrees is the future living conditions including personal living conditions and macro social environment for the future development prospect and forecast, statistical results are shown in table 6.1.This report could be divided into two time dimension, the quality of life of the status quo of satisfaction and confidence in the future situation.Overall, people's life overall situation basic satisfaction, satisfaction score was 64.18;Have a great confidence to improve life in the future, confidence degree score of 75.33 points.This report could be divided into two levels, the quality of life is a macro-level social system as the core of social quality, one is micro level based on the requirement of the personal basic content of living conditions.Averages of 63.99, a personal life satisfaction on the quality of social satisfaction average of 64.35 points.People think that on the current status of the micro level of personal life satisfaction is lower than on macro-level social environment satisfaction, it puts forward the further strengthen to speed up the economic and social system reform.People's confidence in social quality improvement degree score of 71.05 points, and personal life for the next three years, to improve the confidence degree of 79.61 points.For the next three years the individual quality of life will get better and more confident, this is a country further reform and development of important microcosmic basis.
1, the four requirements in the field of life satisfaction and confidence degree, people satisfaction the lowest demand for self-realization, score of 58.76 points;Respondents least confidence in self achievement future situation, score of 60 points.This aspect suggests that there is not satisfied with the status quo of self accomplishment, on the other hand, suggests that there is a demand for self-actualization is more and more prominent.This report thinks in terms of the structure of people needs, people are from seeking material security to self-actualization needs, which call for countries and people to create more diverse, inclusive and open society participation and creativity.
2, the same as in 2012, in the social economic security facilities, people's price level and the food security situation is still the most are not satisfied, people's price level and the improvement of food safety.According to statistics, 52.5% of respondents said the price level is not satisfactory, the results showed that in 2012 65.4% of the respondents are not satisfied with price level), 52.7% of respondents said about food safety situation is not satisfactory, the results showed that in 2012 53.9% of the respondents are not satisfied with the food safety situation).72.6% of the respondents think that prices will not change or will become worse, 62% of respondents believe that food security situation will not change or variation.
3, compared with 2012, the people are not satisfied with the employment situation increasingly prominent problem.This suggests that with the accelerating urbanization process, in promoting the social development in the process of provide abundant employment opportunities for people and good employment environment is becoming more and more important.29.3% of respondents said they are not satisfied, 63.8% of respondents think won't change, or will become worse.
4, in the field of personal material life, people on income and housing conditions is not satisfied.34.3% of respondents are not satisfied with income said, 28.6% of respondents are not satisfied with housing situation said.In one of the 25 to 34 years old age group, 31% of respondents said the income levels are not satisfied, 29.2% of respondents are not satisfied with housing situation said.Social welfare resources allocation phenomenon exists to unit, strengthened the basic role of market allocation of resources.Points unit type, respondents for medical, housing conditions, social security and other aspects of satisfaction does not exist significant difference.
5, in the field of self accomplishment, moderate income group is the highest satisfaction, and the lowest satisfaction of high-income groups.Points unit properties, state-owned enterprises, the participants' satisfaction, satisfaction score was 60.12;While foreign enterprises the highest satisfaction, satisfaction score of 65.76.This reflects the incentive mechanism of state-owned economic system energy remains to be further improved.
6, moderate income group is the important basis of formation of stable social structure.Statistics show that moderate income group is significantly higher life satisfaction of other groups, the satisfaction score of 65.2 points.Moderate income group's trust in the government sector is significantly higher than other income groups, moderate income group is respondents about the relationship between masses satisfaction significantly higher than that of low-income groups and the high income group people, the backbone of the governance of social stability.Subregional, higher proportion of middle-income families in eastern region, the eastern region to 51.6% middle-income families, middle-income families in central area ratio is 48.8%, to 35.3% middle-income families. In the west.But confidence in the future life of middle-income groups was significantly lower than other social groups, therefore, countries should be as much as possible on the policy to promote the development of the middle class or middle class and mature, tend to avoid their deprivation or squeezed, which on the one hand, help to avoid social polarization, on the other hand also helps to maintain social stability.
7, with the accelerating urban-rural integration into the city, urban and rural household registration population life quality gap is shrinking.Overall, the urban household respondents and the life satisfaction of rural household respondents do not exist significant differences, but urban respondents degree of confidence in the future life is higher than the rural household survey respondents.Urban respondents satisfaction with income and rural household registration respondents do not exist significant differences for housing, social security, medical conditions of satisfaction significantly lower than that of urban respondents.Satisfaction of working condition of the rural household respondents to significantly lower than that of urban respondents.
8, the objective income and foreign respondents to income satisfaction were significantly higher than that of the local people.But foreign respondents for housing, social security, medical conditions of satisfaction was significantly lower than the local people, the degree of equalization of public service needs to be further improved.Nonlocal people satisfied with the condition of social empowerment level was significantly lower than the local people, suggesting that social participation and political participation channels and mechanism needs further development and rich.Nonlocal respondents interpersonal relationship satisfaction was significantly lower than the local people and outsiders of social integration problems remains to be further improved.
9, social structure and curing status consistency issues outstanding.From objective measures, the remarkable social stratification and social structural problems (see table 1).Their income level, level of education and there is significant positive correlation between occupational prestige, suggesting that social objective aspect presents significant social stratification and social status consistency.The more consistent and objective social status and social mobility and social change the more energy is insufficient, the more prominent social inequality problem, the more serious the tense social group conflict.Subjective satisfaction and confidence in the quality of life and the structure of society and plays a significant role in social and economic status of the subjective feeling of consistency.This shows that not only increasingly prominent social inequality, and people to the problem of social inequality and lack of liquidity of perception is higher, the possibility of outbreak of social contradictions.
10, the respondents, 9.7% of respondents said with religious beliefs.High income groups in 15% of the respondents have religious beliefs, and moderate income group is that about 8.7% of the respondents have religious beliefs, low-income groups, 5.4% of respondents have religious beliefs.This shows that with the improvement of material life, people began to pursue the satisfaction of spiritual and cultural needs.
11, the network become the people's basic life content, is also an important way of social information dissemination, and people social interaction.The results showed that higher satisfaction with government departments often surf the Internet community, interpersonal relationships and social trust, satisfaction is significantly higher than "sometimes on the Internet," or "never" online respondents.Three groups of government trust satisfaction score was 71.06, 73.65 and 71.06, respectively.Three groups of interpersonal trust degree of satisfaction score was 52.67, 54.86 and 52.67, respectively.Three groups of government trust satisfaction score was 56.62, 57.29 and 56.62, respectively.
12, the foundation of social norms is relatively insufficient, people's sense of social morality.According to statistics, 9.3% of respondents think now social morality is very fuzzy, 45.1% of respondents think now social mores blurred.29% of respondents think generally, only 10.8% is clear, 2.4% of respondents thought is very clear.Said 26.4% of the respondents thought on society "satisfied", 45.5% of respondents think ethos "general", 27.1% of respondents think social mores "not satisfied".In a word, it is necessary to rebuild the system of moral values and build into the concept of the social unity, stability and development in order.
All in all, in 2013 China's urban residents life basic satisfaction, improve more confidence about the future life.But people on the current status of the individual life satisfaction than on the quality of social satisfaction, to improve the confidence degree of personal future life than social quality improve the degree of confidence.These phenomena, puts forward the reform and development of the social system, and has good reform basis.Life such as points, nearly two years people's satisfaction and confidence to self achievement degrees are lower than other areas, suggests that change people's life demands.It is calling for an open, inclusive and harmonious and fair society structure, can maximize the care of a social system arrangement in the interests of most people, the practice of justice, fair and transparent, encouraging people to promote equal opportunities and equal participation, is conducive to the growth and development of people and a healthy life of the social system.